Maven QuickStart

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本文缩写（英文全称与中文含义）

缩写	英文全称／名称	中文含义
CI	Continuous Integration	持续集成
JDK	Java Development Kit	Java 开发工具包
POM	Project Object Model	Maven 项目对象模型

Links#

https://maven.apache.org/guides/getting-started/
https://maven.apache.org/wrapper/
https://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-compiler-plugin/
https://maven.apache.org/surefire/maven-surefire-plugin/

1. Goal#

create a Java project:
    compile with JDK 21
    run unit test
    build jar
    use Maven Wrapper

2. Project Structure#

order-api
├── pom.xml
├── mvnw
├── mvnw.cmd
├── .mvn
│   └── wrapper
├── src
│   ├── main/java/com/example/order/App.java
│   └── test/java/com/example/order/AppTest.java

3. Minimal POM#

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>order-api</artifactId>
  <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <properties>
    <maven.compiler.release>21</maven.compiler.release>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <junit.version>5.10.2</junit.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
      <version>${junit.version}</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <pluginManagement>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.13.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.5</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

pluginManagement 声明默认版本和配置，不代表插件一定执行；排查时核对 effective POM、plugins 与 lifecycle phase。

pluginManagement:
    只声明默认版本和默认配置，不等于一定执行 plugin

4. Code#

package com.example.order;

public class App {
    public String hello(String name) {
        return "hello " + name;
    }
}

package com.example.order;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;

class AppTest {
    @Test
    void hello() {
        assertEquals("hello order", new App().hello("order"));
    }
}

5. Maven Wrapper#

mvn wrapper:wrapper
./mvnw -v

Maven Wrapper:
    project-local Maven launcher
    CI and developers use the same Maven version
    commit mvnw, mvnw.cmd, and .mvn/wrapper

6. Build#

./mvnw clean test
./mvnw clean package
java -cp target/order-api-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar com.example.order.App

7. Useful Options#

./mvnw -B clean verify
./mvnw -DskipTests package
./mvnw -Dmaven.test.skip=true package
./mvnw -DskipITs verify

-DskipTests:
    compile tests but do not run them

-Dmaven.test.skip=true:
    skip test compilation and test execution

prefer:
    use -DskipTests only when another pipeline stage runs tests